Autonomous weeding machines, verified

Solar-powered autonomous mechanical weeding robot for rice paddies, built by ArvaTec Srl (Rescaldina, Lombardy, Italy — a 2002 Politecnico di Milano agricultural-engineering spin-off). GNSS RTK/GPS-guided, uniquely shaped wheels weed and pad the soil immediately after sowing without touching the rice plants, working on both dry and flooded paddy ground. Launched in 2022 and still actively demonstrated in Italy as of 2026 (dedicated "DEMO MOONDINO 2026" events on ArvaTec's own site); ArvaTec does not publish a price — third-party directories cite an indicative €50,000, unverified at the source and stated as quote-dependent.

US (Salinas, CA) tractor-drawn precision weeder using onboard cameras and computer vision to mechanically remove weeds in-row without herbicide. Original venture-backed maker FarmWise wound down independent operations on 1 April 2025 after raising $65M but failing to reach profitability; three days later, produce processor Taylor Farms (itself a prior FarmWise investor and long-time customer) acquired the FarmWise business outright to keep the Vulcan line running. As of mid-2026 Vulcan is still actively sold and field-supported — not discontinued — through an exclusive dealer partnership with RDO Equipment Co. across the Southwest US.

Canadian (Oshawa, Ontario) multipurpose autonomous field robot — Korechi's largest and first wheeled RoamIO model, built to seed, weed, cultivate, mow, soil-sample, data-log and transport across an adjustable-width chassis. Battery-electric with cm-level RTK GNSS navigation and dual AI-camera obstacle detection; Korechi's own product page states it is "now taking orders." Pricing is not published by Korechi itself — an independent buyer's guide lists a starting price of roughly $80,000 (final price varies by configuration) — and the company currently serves only the US and Canadian markets.

Compact tracked electric crawler for narrow, fragmented and hard-to-reach vineyard and nursery plots — GNSS RTK-guided tool carrier for mechanical inter-vine weeding. No longer manufactured, sold or supported by Naïo SAS as of 15 June 2026, following the company's 2025-26 judicial restructuring (Naïo itself survived under new ownership, but the Jo and Orio product lines were dropped).

UK-made tractor-towed electric weeder for orchards, vineyards and other fruit rows — high-frequency (18 kHz) current passed into weeds through articulated treatment arms boils the plant and its roots without herbicide. Sold and commercially deployed (not a pilot/prototype) through regional distributors in the UK, Benelux and DACH region; RootWave (a Ubiqutek Ltd brand) raised a $15m round in mid-2025 to fund wider EU/US rollout.

Tractor-mounted, chemical-free in-row weeder from SPAPPERI N.T. S.R.L. (Città di Castello, Italy; est. 1964). A hydraulic PTO-driven frame (1-4 rows) carries per-row "BOX AI" units — a 3D camera plus AI vision developed with Czech partner Ullmanna — that detect each plant's root and drive independent vertical rotary tillers or fixed knives to weed within the row. Spapperi's own brochure calls it both "SA-IA" and "SA-AI"; the product is marketed via that brochure and lead-gen listings rather than a dedicated page on Spapperi's main site as of this check.

US solar-powered autonomous weeding robot from Aigen (Redmond, WA) that eliminates weeds mechanically with AI-guided ground strikes — no herbicide. The current gen2 platform (launched April 2025) widened its working crops to cotton, soy and sugar beet and runs a mesh-networked robotic "crew"; roughly 50 units were in field trials in North Dakota/Minnesota (Grand Farm) and California (Bowles Farming) through 2025; the 2024 and 2025 preorder rounds sold out in a day, and 2026 orderability is not independently confirmed.

Norwegian ultra-precision weeding robot for open-field vegetables — an AI vision system detects individual weeds and a patented Single-Drop nozzle (SDT) fires one micro-droplet of herbicide directly onto each weed at 6x6mm resolution, cutting herbicide input by a manufacturer-claimed average of 96.6%. Independently tested by Wageningen University & Research at over 99% spray-drift reduction (Dutch DRT99, the system's highest class), and commercially deployed since 2021 across Norway, Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands and Australia, with a 2025 Kubota partnership now expanding EU dealer-network sales.

Tractor-mounted, vision-guided intra-row hoeing implement from Danish manufacturer F. Poulsen Engineering — a camera above each row spots individual plants and hydraulically swings weeding knives out and back around them, removing weeds between plants without touching the crop. Commercially sold since the early 2010s and independently trialled in US vegetable production; configurable from 5 to 31 rows and adjustable to 25–75 cm row spacing.

Concentrated Light Autonomous Weeding and Scouting (CLAWS) robot from UK startup Earth Rover — its patented Lightweeder destroys the meristem of individual weeds with a short pulse of concentrated (non-laser) light, chemical-free and zero-till, on a 100% battery + solar platform with 8 onboard cameras that double as a crop-scouting system. Order book opened Q3 2025; deliveries scheduled from Q1 2026 under a weeding-as-a-service model.

Swedish battery-electric weeding robot purpose-built for onion beds (and extending to carrots and beetroot) — AI vision plus GPS-RTK guide finger weeders that pull up to five weeds per second per unit across 5–8 rows on beds 1.50–3.20 m wide. The ~1,500–1,700 kg platform runs 8–12 h per day on ~7 kWh of swappable batteries at 1 km/h and can be lifted on a tractor three-point hitch for road transport. Dutch dealer Homburg Holland became importer (NL/BE), then acquired Ekobot outright in 2024, planning 20 machines for the Netherlands and Sweden in 2025.

First Dutch laser weeding robot, launched June 2025 by Trabotyx (Maarssen) — an autonomous GPS-RTK platform that kills weeds as small as 1 mm with blue diode lasers (adjustable to 200 W each, up to 6 lasers per machine), zero-till and chemical-free. Trained for nine vegetables (carrots, onions, lettuce, cabbage, herbs, spinach, beet, parsnip, chicory) and three flower-bulb crops (lilies, tulips, peonies), with under 2% crop hit rate. The TOR Flex works a 1.5 m width; production is capped at 10 machines for the 2026 season.

French solar-powered micro-mower for vineyards, orchards and agrivoltaic sites — a 23–27 kg swarm robot that grazes vegetation at ~500 m/h, up to 16 h per day on sun and Li-ion. One 'shepherd' operator manages up to 50 robots from the Viticloud dashboard; born at Château Canon La Gaffelière in Saint-Émilion and sold outright or as Robot-as-a-Service.

Modular AI mini field robot from Zauberzeug (Havixbeck, Münsterland) — a ~100 kg tracked platform under 1 m³ that uses onboard camera AI (the "Zauberzeug Robot Brain" edge-compute unit) to distinguish crops from weeds and mechanically remove them, including deep-rooted weeds. Offered both as a pay-per-hour weeding service (no machine purchase) and as a development platform; trade press reported roughly €20,000 for the machine with tools up to ~€5,000 extra. Winner of the Münsterland Innovation Award 2023/24.

Compact Dutch autonomous robot for orchards, vineyards and tree nurseries — mows, hoes and harrows between and under tree rows. Camera-based row recognition does the in-row navigation (GPS only switches rows/fields), so it keeps working under thick foliage where GNSS robots struggle. Swappable dual 48V batteries change over in about a minute for near-continuous operation; commercial rollout in the Netherlands runs through importer Mechan.

Modular tractor-drawn implement line (Feb 2025) that kills weeds with 240W lasers guided by onboard AI, in widths from 2.0 m to 18.3 m.

Fully autonomous battery-electric laser weeding robot from Caterra, an ETH Zürich spin-off (Glattbrugg, ZH) — deep-learning vision distinguishes crop, weed and soil, then kills weeds with laser pulses to within ~3 mm of the crop, herbicide-free and organic-certified. In pre-order as of mid-2026 after 2025 field pilots (incl. the smaller 300 kg Grasshopper test fleet of 11 units); direct sales only, no dealer network yet.

Stuttgart-built autonomous hoeing robot that identifies crops from the 1 cm cotyledon stage across 100+ validated crops and weeds mechanically around the clock — 40+ robots working 1000+ fields, offered mainly as weeding-as-a-service.

Long-established tractor-mounted vision-guided weeder — video image analysis at 30 frames/second locates each individual plant and steers rotating in-row weeding discs around it, killing weeds between rows AND between plants within the row to ~8 mm of the stem. The 2025-season Robocrop AI upgrade adds green-on-green recognition fusing colour, infrared and depth imaging. Like One Smart Spray, this is AI-driven intelligence on a conventional tractor implement, not a standalone robot.

Straddle weeding robot for large-scale vegetable production — discontinued by Naïo in favour of the Orio tool-carrier, which was itself dropped after Naïo's June 2025 judicial reorganization refocused the lineup on Oz and Ted.

Straddle electric tool-carrier that succeeded the Dino — three-point hitch for seeding, hoeing and harrowing; no longer manufactured after Naïo's 2026 restructuring.

Compact electric weeding robot for vegetable beds and small market gardens.

Fully electric autonomous vine straddler from Toulouse-based Naïo Technologies for mechanical under-vine weeding and soil work — GNSS RTK navigation, up to 6.5 ha/day, 600 kg tool lift, and a growing catalogue of approved implements (Clemens, Souslikoff, Boisselet, Naïo's own EVOLT intervine). Billed by Naïo as the lightest autonomous vineyard robot on the market.

Lightweight (500 kg) autonomous mechanical in-row weeding robot from Rotterdam-based Odd.Bot — the "Weader" delta-arm module pulls weeds with 2 mm precision at up to 2 weeds/second (240,000+ weeds/ha/day), running day and night on hot-swappable batteries at ~500 W total draw. Built for fine vegetable crops: carrots, onions, parsnips, red beet, chicory. Production slots sell out roughly a year ahead.

Solar-assisted laser weeding robot from Almkerk-based Pixelfarming Robotics — high-power laser modules burst weed cells at the two-leaf stage, chemical-free. Two frame sizes (3.20–3.60 m and 5.80–6.20 m working width) with 360°-rotating wheel units for configurable track widths; four 48 V hot-swappable batteries topped up by roof solar panels, optional diesel range extender for 24/7 work. Machines are working on farms in Europe and Canada; delivery 16–20 working weeks by production batch.